Paper-making machine



No. 6|l,422. Patented Sept. 27, I898. T. H. SAVER Y.

PAPER MAKING MACHINE.

(Application file d Nov. 14, 1896.)

3 Sheets-Shani I.

(No Model.)

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N0. 6l|,42 2. Patented Sept. 27, I898. T'. H. SAVERY.

PAPEB MAKING MACHINE.

(Application filed Nov. 14, 1896.)

3 Sheets-Sheet .2.

(No Model.)

No. 6H,422. Patented Sept. 27, I898.

. T. H. SAVERY.

PAPER MAKING MACHINE.

(Application filed Nov. 14, 1896.) (No Model.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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rnrnsl THOMAS H. SAVERY, OF WILMINGTON, DELAWARE.

PAPER-MAKING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 611,422, dated September 27, 1898. Application filed November 14, 1896. Serial No. 612.100. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, THOMAS ILSAVERY, a citizen of theUnited States, residing, in the city of Wilmington,-county of New Castle, and State of Delaware, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Paper-Making Machines, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention relates to paper-making machines, and more particularly to an improvement-upon the subject-matter of my two other applications, Serial Nos. 612,098 and 612,099, executed and filed of even date herewith.

The object of the present invention is the rapid and continuous removal of the water which is expelled from the forming paper through pressure applied thereto by the moving cylindrical surfaces between which it passes, and which water enters into the angular space existing between the carrying-felt and the couch-roll of a cylinder-machine, between the carrying-wire and the couch-rolls in a Fourdrinier machine, and between the carrying-felt and the press-rolls in all papermaking machines and would exist between press-rolls if the carrying-felt were omitted. This angular space constitutes a recess at the front or entrance side of such rolls in which a body of this expelled water ordinarily accumulates and is maintained and from which it is thus enabled to reenter the paper stock or stuff or the traveling support or carrier thereof, from either or both of which it was derived, and thereafter act injuriously by staining the forming paper by rewetting the paper stock or stufi or its support or carrier,

reduced scale, showing this invention as applied to a cylinder paper-making machine. Fig. 2 is a similar view showing the said invention as applied to the couch-rolls of a Fourdrinier paper-making machine. Fig. 3 is a similar view showing the said invention as applied to the first press-rolls of a cylinder or Fourdrinier paper-making machine. Fig. 1 is a similar view showing the said invention as applied to the second press-rolls of a paper-m aking machine. Fig. 5 shows at onehalf normal or ordinary practical size a sectional elevation of so much of a cylinder paper-making machine as will exhibit an embodiment of this invention in its relation to the carrying-cylinder, couch-rolls, formingfelt, and the web of stock or stuff operated upon. Fig. 6 is a like representation of the embodiment of this invention with the couchrolls, endless wire forming apron, and the stock or stuff, as in a Fourdrinier paper-mak ing machine. Fig. 7 is a like representation of an application of this invention to the first press-rolls and felt of any paper-making machine, substantially as in Fig. 8; but its interior structure, indicated by dotted lines, is shown in sectional elevation in Fig. 10. Fig. 8 is a like representation of the application of this invention to the second press rolls and felt of any paper-making machine. Fig. 9 is a substantial repetition of Fig. 1, is an enlarged or half-size view, and shows the pneumatic appliance more perspicuously. Fig. 10 is a substantial repetition of the structure of Fig. 7, but shows the pneumatic appliance in sectional elevation. Fig. 11 is a plan view, reduced scale, of a modified form of the blast-conveying devices, the upper roll being removed. Fig. 12 is an enlarged sectional elevation thereof, taken on section-line 12 of Fig. 11, showing the same as provided with a guard and discharging-aperture. Fig. 13 is a plan view, partly in section, of the structure shown in Fig. 7, with the upperroll removed, the view being made upon a scale corresponding therewith.

The invention is shown in Figs. 1, 5, and 9 as applied to the forming devices of a cylinder paper-making machine, in Figs. 2 and 6 as applied to the couch-rolls of a Fourdrinier paper-making machine, and in the remaining figures as applied to press-rolls of paper-making machines generally.

In the cylinder paper-making machine (see Fig. 1) the reticulated forming-cylinder 10 is a cylindrical surface arranged in practice to revolve in a vat, (not shown,) and for the most part is immersed in a mass of diluted pulpor stuff constantly supplied thereto, as is common. This forming-cylinder is surmounted by another cylindrical surface, which is a couch-roll 11, and has cooperating with it and said roll a carrying-felt 6, which, passing in contact with the top surface of the forming cylinder, runs under and returns over said couch-roll. Since the film of fibrous matter or layer of stock or stuff 3 taken up by the forming-cylinder 10 upon its onwardlymoving surface is first carried against the under side of the felt 6 and passes therewith to and between the cylindrical surface of the forming-cylinder 10 and that of the couchroll 11, it results from the pressure thus exerted upon it that a large portion of the water which it then contains is expelled therefrom and must pass upwardly through said felt 6 and be received in the recess formed at the front side of the couch-roll 11 and between it and the felt 6. While the water thus delivered into this recess and accumulated on top of the felt 6 may have its excess quantity spread rearward on the felt 6 and be carried off the same at the sides thereof, there will always be an accumulation or a body of water remaining in the said recess sufficient to substantially fill it, such body of water being retained therein either by gravity, owing to the fact that said recess is lower than the plane in which that portion of the felt rearward of it runs, or is held there by the action upon the water of the forward travel of the felt 6 on the cylinder 10 or the onward movement of the surface of the couch-roll 11 or by the conjoint propelling action of the two. A body of water maintained in such recess will, either by capillary attraction, greatly aided by the damp condition of the felt 6, its onward movement, or the forward travel of the cylindrical surface of the cylinder 10 and that of the couch-roll 11, reenter the web of stock or stuff from which it was expressed and stain the same, whether or not it has accumulated impurities, and thus damage it or retard the forming operation. In order to constantly remove the water from this recess and the similar ones at pairs of cylindrical surfaces, as couch-rolls 12 13 and press-rolls 14 15 16 17, and to keep it clear thereof, so as to avoid not only its defective action but form the paper as dry as possible at each stage of the operation thereon when water is to be expelled'therefrom, such recess (it may be one or more in each machine) is provided with a pneumatic apparatus operating to remove the water as it is received in such recess by a blast of air suitably directed into such recess, and thus acting to keep the same free and clear of it. This pneumatic appliance consists, broadly,

in means for directing a blast of air into said recess, so that abody of air thus forcibly guided into it shall so impinge therein or upon one wall thereof as to drive or carry any Water it may contain rearwardly out of said recess, guided by the other 'wall, and thus effectually remove the same from the point where it acts injuriously. There are many ways in which this removal of the water can be effected by the aid of a blast of air such, for instance, as a suitable number of blast-directing nozzles properly adjusted or pointed therein, a conveying-pipe with suitable perforations or an air-emitting slit, and the like; but as these devices will so dissipate the water as to force it into the room containing the machine, and especially so at the forming-cylinder and the couch-rolls, it is desirable to provide a collecting box-like chamber therefor from outof which the water removed from the said recess may be bodily discharged. One good form of the blast appliance is well shown in Fig. 1,whichis a small scale illustration of the same in its relation to the forming-cylinder 10, carrying felt 6 and couch-roll 11, while the same structure is illustrated at one-half of normal size in Fig. 9. This structure is a hollow metal box-like chamberlon g enough to correspond with the length of the couch-roll 11, and comprises an airemitting nozzle 1, formed by a lower member or plate 4, the forward end of which is adapted to rest upon or be supported quite close to the felt 6, being shod or not with a rubber, leather, or protecting-lip of similar material, and the upper member 5 of which supports, preferably inclined rearwardly from its front edge, an abutment '7. The outside Wall or top plate 9 of this blast appliance has its forward end curved to conform with the arc of the couch-roll 11 (it may have a protecting-lip) and its rear portion curved in a reverse direction, not only to join the rear end of the nozzle 1 but to provide the interior with a guiding-condnit 2, that leads from the recess in front of the nozzle to the rear of the abutment 7, so as to communicate with the dischargeopening 8. The two ends of this appliance are closed by solid walls, one of which is well indicated by its lower edge line that joins its forward extremity, and each end preferably, it may be one only, has a discharge-opening 8', through which the ejected water and air may be discharged through a connectingpipe, as 50, or otherwise, and the air-nozzle 1 is provided with one or more pipes 27, that communicate with a pump or other means for supplying air under pressure and which may be provided with means for the regulation of when the paper-machine is in operation this blast appliance is also in action, the following coactive operation of the whole will be apparent.

As the forming-cylinder 1O slowly turns in its vat in the direction of its arrow its action will be to take up upon its exterior, as indicated in Fig. 1, a film or strata of fibrous stock or stuff surcharged with water and carry the same in web-like form upward on and toward the couch-roll 11. This web-like body of stock or stuff 3 in passing between the top surface of the forming-cylinder 10 and the under surface of the felt 6, which is an endless apron that travels over said couchroll 11, will be simultaneously pressed between these devices and caused to adhere to the felt 6. At the same time much of the water with which it is charged will be pressed through said felt and enter into the recess between the upper side of the felt 6 and the front side of the couch-roll 11, and therefore enter within the sphere of the action of the aircurrent, said air current or blast being properly directed so as to impinge upon or against said water, and at once act to drive or force said water forward against the surface of the couch-roll 11, whereby it has its course of movement directed upward and rearward into the passage 2, and it is conveyed to the discharge-opening 8, this air-blast thus acting continuously to remove whatever water enters the said recess and comes within the range of action of the blast of air, which in practice will be equal to the entire removal of this water and therefore prevent its accumulation in said recess to produce any faulty action in the machine. It will have been observed that this appliance, as thus far described, has its air-blast directed upon the felt 6, which being the place where the water first appears or through which the water exudes may first be acted upon, but it is practical to cause the air to first impinge upon the surface of the couch-roll 11, whereby it will be given a direction of travel that will guide it first into the recess, whence it will sweep rearward over the feltand thus expel the water. Such a construction is shown enlarged in Fig. 5, where the air appliance is also shown in connection with the forming-cylinder 10, felt 6, and couch-roll 11, but slightly modified to suit this changed relation, as is indicated by like reference characters applied to the various corresponding parts.

Regarding now Fig. 2,the air appliance will be found to be slightly modified to suit the relative disposition of the cylindrical sur faces or couch-rolls 12 13 and the wire apron 18. In practice it will be found that the stretch of the wire apron 18 over a portion of the lower surface of the upper couch-roll 12 will cause some water to be given off and that the nip of the two couch-rolls 12 13 will by their pressure express from the stock or stuff itself additional water, all ofwhich will flow into the recess that exists between these as shown in that figure, so that the mouth of the airappliance willcover a considerable area of the wire 18, where it bears upon the upper couch-roll, and the nozzle of the blastpipe be set rearward far enough to act upon such large area. If it should be found desirable that the blast of air be primarily directed against the couch-roll, the disposition of parts may be as shown in Fig. 6, which illustrates the top member 9 of the same as extended well forward to protect the wire 18 from the blast, as it may in some instances require to be. This air appliance may be equally well applied to the cylindrical sur faces or press-rolls, as 14 15, as is exhibited in Figs. 3, 7, 10, and 12, and to the cylindrical surfaces or press-rolls, as16 17, as is exhibited in Figs. t and 8, when it will operate in substantially the same way as hereinbefore explained, but it may have various modified forms, some of which are exhibited in Figs. 8, 11, and 12, as applied to ordinary pressrolls. It should be noted, however, with respect to press-rolls, that each successive set in a paper-making machine expresses less water than its preceding set, and that consequently the water-receiving appliance may have its capacity reduced at each successive point where it is applied and also vary its structure, as will hereinafter appear. The

structures of this air appliance shown in Figs. 3, 7, 10, and 13 are alike, one view, Fig. 3, being made upon reduced scale to show the rolls entire, and that of Figs. 7, 10, and' 13 being enlarged to one-half ordinary size. The structure is substantially that shown in Fig. 6, as appears from a comparison of the parts which bear like indicating reference characters, but it is slightly modified to adapt it to first press-rolls,where its upper member 9 may be extended farther forward than in connection with couch-rolls.

The structure shown by Fig. 4 is substantially like that exhibited in Fig. 2, as appears by comparison, its blast-pipe being-arranged to cause the blast it emits to first impinge on the under side of the felt apron 20 in like manner as said blast impinges upon the wire 18 in Fig. 2.

In Figs. 8 and 12 the air appliance, shown for convenience in the former as connected with second press-rolls 16 17 and in Fig. 12

in connection with first press-rolls 14 15, is

modified so as to include an air-blast nozzle connected to its supply-pipe 27 by a universal joint 30, whereby it is made capable of pointing in any desired direction. With tity, and especially so when water-discharg ing conductors are applied at other points earlier in action during the formation of the paper. Such discharge, therefore, may be so small in quantity that a chamber may not be needed for its collection and conveyance away from the machine, and for this same reason and the further fact that quick drying is important a collecting-chamber may be omitted, as in Fig. 8, and the air used at this point may be heated. At the first pressrolls, however, the amount of water is great enough to make it desirable to collect the discharged water, and hence an inclosing chamber is used, as shown in Figs. 3, 7, 10, 12, and 13, which chamber is provided with a guiding-conduit 2 for the conveyance of the matter discharged, which conduit is preferably supplied with an abutment 7 for its control, although its omission is possible, as shown in Fig. 5.

In Fig. 11 there is shown a further modification of the air appliance. This consists of a set of three longitudinally-arranged sets of conveying-pipes 40 41 42, each having independent supply pipes 27. The innermost ends of the sets 40 41 are shown as joined with the set 42 by means of sleeves 35, and the outermost ends of the sets 40 41 are capable of turning in journals 43 44, so that all may have a longitudinal stiffness capacitating them to move as a unit and admit of a common vertical adjustment of the nozzles they support or enable the sets to be independently adjusted, these pipes 40 41 42 being of course provided at their respective ends with closures, or are blanked, thus making them independent conveyers. Independent sets of blast-conveyers are desirable in cases where it is expedient to apply a differing force of air to various parts of the recess; but the blast-nozzles and the pipes 40 41 42 may be a single device, longitudinally considered, and either in this form or the threepart form shown in Fig. 11 may have the end nozzles provided with a universal joint connecting them with their supply-pipe, as Fig. 12 is made to additionally show, though it is to be understood that the device of Fig. 12 is to have the inclosing chamber or not, as may be desirable, according to the place where it is used. The making of these end nozzles universally adjustable is at-all times desirable, and especially so when the inclosing chamber is not used, for the reason that then the appliance may be more efficient as a whole if the blast at the extreme ends of the roll drives slightly inward and downward and with increased force, soas to prevent any water reaching the overhanging felt.

The slight opening shown between the front edge of this appliance and the nip of the felt 6 and couch-roll 11, as well as between the wire 18 and couch-rolls 12 13, the felt 19 and press-rolls 14 15, and the felt 20 and the pressrolls 16 17, will in many cases be objectionable, although the movement of the air and water moved thereby is nearly directly rearward. To prevent any air and water being projected laterally through this opening, the air appliance has its end plates or closure extended far enough forward so as to cover and thus close these openings, it may be, by extending them so as to lap over the ends of the rolls past the nip thereof, (see Figs. 7 and 13,) provision, however, being made, as shown in- Fig. 7, for the passage of the felt or wire. In most of these illustrations the air appliance is shown as furnished at one end with an air-supply pipe 27, which in turn in each instance is connected with a pipe 28, leading to an air-pu mp or other convenient means for providing a current of air under pressure by which the air-blast is supplied. Suitable ones of these pipes may have cocks or other devices to control the amount of air used or the force thereof, which may thus be made to differ in extent at different places, as is sometimes desirable.

Concerning the damaging effect of water made use of in the production of paper it is to be noted that where water, even though it be pure, is allowed to soak into a paper web by moving backward into the same after it has been expelled therefrom it has the effect to impart to the web stains that present irregular bounds or form waved lines which are the limits to which this returning water extends before it is so far absorbed as to cease its movement. These stains are readily perceived in the finished paper and cause the sections of the web containing them to be useless, which damaging action of the water, pure or impure, is prevented by this invention.

In some cases the stock or stuff undergoing formation into paper may be so far freed from water as it leaves the couch or first press rolls that it can be led to and passed through the first or second press-rolls without the aid of a carrying-felt, in the absence of which felt this invention will coact with the web of stock or stuff and a press-roll and operate to almost completely remove its remaining dampness, and such arrangement is therefore comprehended by this invention.

By the use of this invention the water is removed from said recess as rapidly as it is expressed from the stock or stuff by means which have a positive action thereon and the following advantageous results are obtained: A high speed of production may be attained, for the reason that the paper becomes stronger because drier at all stages of its formation. Larger couch and press rolls may be employed, the number of sets of press-rolls may be reduced, and a less extent of drying-surface be required or less heat needed for the drying operation.

Another important and beneficial effect is produced by this improvement upon the endless felts, which, in order to produce the best results, are made wider than the press-rolls are long, whence it results that such projecting parts are not clamped between the rolls, but, on the contrary, are free and therefore in the best condition to readily absorb water if the same is present in said recess between the press-rolls. The result is that when water is present there and the edges of the felt become charged with it they not only carry the water onward and flirt it over the machine, but in consequence of such wet edges being in contact with the paper web after it has passed the press-rolls they give off the water they carry to the edges of the paper, and thus impregnate the otherwise drier body of the web with water, so that the pressing and drying thereof must be great enough.

for the treatment of the wet edges or, otherwise stated, in excess of what is required for the body portion. In consquence of the fact that this conductor prevents the return of practically all water that is once removed from the stock and the wire or felt carrying the same, with the advantages already stated, it also results in causing the forming paper to be made drier in the earlier stages of and throughout its formation, and therefore enables its course of travel to be lessened andfrom injury, because a lower degree of heat may be used and the paper when led to them not being so wet as when made by a machine without this improvement there is less wetting and consequent drying of said felts, which rots them. It improves the quality of the paper by running faster, because there is less water to take out of it during the greater portion of its formation, and by its'action it keeps impurities from entering the felts, and thus soiling them, so that they require frequent Washing, which is detrimental in that felts frequently washed are thereby worn out and rendered useless, and it prevents the edges of the press-felts from receiving water and carrying it into the borders of the paper beyond the rolls.

That is claimed is 1. In a paper-making machine the combination with cylindrical surfaces between which the forming paper, its stock or stuff is carried and from which water is discharged into a recess between these surfaces at the entrance side thereof, of means, exterior to said surfaces, cooperating with said recess to direct a blast of air therein and expel said water therefrom, substantially as described.

2. In a paper-making machine the combination with a traveling support of cylindrical surfaces between which the stock or stuflf is accompanied or carried by the traveling support and from which water is discharged into a recess between these surfaces at the entrance side thereof, and means, exterior to said surfacesQcodperating with said recess to direct a blast of air therein and expel said water therefrom, substantially as described.

3. In a paper-making machine, the combination with cylindrical surfaces between which wet stock is fed in Web-like form, of means for directing a blast of air into the recess between the surfaces on the entrance side thereof, said blast acting in the general direction in which the stock is moving and operating to expel the liquid which accumulates in said recess by reason of the action of the surfaces on the wet, stock, substantially as described.

4. In a paper-making machine, the combination with a traveling support, of cylindrical surfaces between which wet stock is fed in web-like form, and means for directing a blast of air into the recess between the surfaces on the entrance side thereof, said blast acting in the general direction in which the stock isv moving and operating to expel the liquid which accumulates in said recess by reason of the action of the surfaces on the wet stock, substantially as described.

5. In a paper-making machine the combination with a traveling support of cylindrical surfaces between which the stock or stuff is accompanied or carried by the traveling support and from which water isdischarged into a recess between these surfaces at the entrance side thereof, and means, exterior to said surfaces, for directing a blast of air into impingement upon one wall of said recess and thus operating to drive or carry said water from the recess, substantially as described.

6. In a paper-making machine the combination with a traveling support of cylindrical surfaces between which the stock or stuff is accompanied or carried by the traveling sup- IOC port and from which water is discharged into a recess at the entrance side of said surfaces, and ahollow or box-like structure provided with-an air nozzle or passage and a guiding conduit, between which it has a mouth or orifice that connects with or taps said recess, said conduit connecting with a discharge opening, substantially as described.

7. In a paper-making machine, the combination with cylindrical surfaces between which wet stock is fed in web-like form, of a blast device operating to direct a blast of air into the recess between the surfaces in the general direction of the travel of the stock, said blast device including means for guiding and delivering air into the recess between the surfaces, and means for guiding the liquid expelled by the air out of said recess, substantially as described.

8. The combination with cylindrical surfaces between which wet stock is fed in weblike form, of a blast device operating to di* rect the blast of air into the recess between the surfaces in the general direction of the travel of the stock, said blast device includ ing a conduit or conduits for directing the air into the recess between the surfaces and a wall acting to guide the liquid expelled by the blast out of said recess, substantially as described.

9. In a paper-making machine the combination with a support of cylindrical surfaces between which the stock or stuff is accompanied or carried by the support and from which water is discharged into a recess at the entrance side of said surfaces, and a hollow or box-like structure provided with an air nozzle or passage and a guiding-conduit, between which it has a mouth or orifice that connects with or taps said recess, said conduit connectingwith a discharge-opening and being provided with an abutment to prevent the return of said water, substantially as described.

10. In a paper-making machine the combination with cylindrical surfaces between which the stock or stuff is carried and from which water is discharged into a recess at the entrance side of said surfaces, of an air-blast nozzle connected with its source of supply by a universal joint for directing a blast of air into said recess and thus operating to expel said water from the recess, substantially as described.

11. In a paper-making machine the combi-v nation with a support of cylindrical surfaces between which the stock or stuff is accompanied or carried by the support and from which water is discharged into a recess at the entrance side of said surfaces, and an air-blast nozzle connected with its source of supply by a universal joint for directing a blast of air into said recess and thus operating to drive or carry said water from the recess, substantially as described.

12. In a paper-making machine the combination with a traveling support of cylindrical surfaces between which the stock or stuff is accompanied or carried by the traveling support and from which water is discharged intov a recess at the entrance side of said surfaces, and a series of air-blast nozzles, the outer ones of which are provided with universal joints for directing ablast of air into said recess and thus operating to drive or carry said water from the recess, substantially as-described.

13. In a paper-making machine the combination with a support of cylindrical surfaces between which the stock or stuff is accompanied or carried by the support and from which water is discharged into a recess at the entrance side of said surfaces, and a series of air-blast nozzles capable of vertical adjustment in sections, the outer nozzles being provided with universal joints for directing a blast of air into said recess and thus operatin g to drive or carry said water from the recess, substantially as described.

14. In a paper-making machine the combination with a support of cylindrical surfaces between which the stock or stuff is accompanied or carried by the support and from which water is discharged into a recess at the ennation with press-rolls between which the web of wet unfinished paper is carried, and with the recess at the entrance side of said rolls, of means cooperating with said recess to direct a blast of heated air therein and remove dampness from said web, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

THOMAS H. SAVERY. Witnesses:

S. WINTHAL, J. J. KENNEDY. 

